First, The Troubles is the term giving to the period of conflicts between Catholic and Protestants in Ireland, it was during the 20th century. Because of religious differencies (northern Ireland was mostly protestants and Ireland was mostly catholics) Ireland wanted to be independent. I know that in November 1985, The United Kingdom and Ireland established the Anglo-Irish Agreement that allowed Ireland to have a say in the Northern Ireland's politic. Consequently, they were in charge of the political, legal and security issues but they had not the power to take decisions or change the law. It was signed by the British prime minister, Margaret Thatcher and the Irish prime minister, Garret Fitzgerald at Hillsborough Castle, Northern Ireland. On top of that, the Irish Republic Army attacked the Royal Uslter Constabulary several times, in Newry (Northern Ireland) they killed 9 officers in February 1985 but also in May 1985, they launched an assault in the RUC's barrack then they destroyed it and killed 5 officers.
Ireland is currently divided into 2 states, but this has not always been the case. Indeed, in 1919, the Irish demanded their independence from Great Britain and thus a war broke out that lasted 3 years, until 1921. At the head of the independentist, Michael Collins, who won the war of independence and went to London to negotiate a treaty. This treaty, which will not allow Ireland to become completely independent, it will not be able to have a president and part of the island will remain in Great Britain, will bring many conflicts between the supporters and opponents of the treaty that will lead to a civil war. During this civil war, the hero of independence Michael Collins was cowardly killed and hostilities continued. Mathilde BESCOND 1S1
Ireland had been under British rule for several centuries, which created tensions and caused revolts on the part of the Irish.
After the failure of the Irish nationalist revolts, the majority of Irish people seem to be on their side and soon after the Irish Parliament (the Dàil Eireann) is founded. This parliament is convinced that violence is the only solution, and decides to involve the IRA, an army led by Michael Collins.
The Irish War of Independence began following the murder of two RIC police officers. Later, Michael Collins succeeded in murdering fifteen police officers, to which the British government replied with the "Bloody Sunday of 21 November 1920". As a result of these horrors, the British and Irish patriots on both sides agreed to sign the London Treaty, which ended Ireland's War of Independence, but caused deep disagreements between the nationalists. The Irish Parliament is divided into two groups: those in favour of the Treaty and those against. The Pro-Treaties side with Michael Collins and Arthur Griffith. The Anti-Treaties sided with Eamon de Valera, then unofficial President of the Republic of Ireland, who decided with his party to resign.
Arthur Griffith, who was in favour of the Treaty, then decided to set up a provisional government to organise the creation of the Free State of Ireland. But the disagreement continues, however, and quickly led to a civil war. However, the Anti-Treaties were defeated very quickly, causing many deaths. The Republicans opposed to the Treaty now act only through particularly localized guerrilla actions, leading to a violent ambush on August 22, 1922, during which Michael Collins died.
Although these many conflicts led to a free Irish state, it is estimated that more than 4,000 people died in the Irish Civil War.
First of all, the Troubles was a conflict in Northern Ireland during the late 20th century. It began in the late 1960s and ended with the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Although the Troubles primarily took place in Northern Ireland, the violence also spread over some parts of the Republic of Ireland and England.
Michael Collins was an Irish revolutionary, soldier and politician who was a leading figure who fought for independence. He went to London to negotiate peace terms which resulted in the establishment of the Anglo-Irish treaty. In the 1920s Ireland was then divided into two parts giving independence to most of it and keeping the northern part within the United Kingdom. This lead to many conflicts between the catholics on one side and the protestants on the other. Furthermore, the IRA, who wanted a united Ireland, began using violence to protest. These conflicts which lasted more than 30 years and resulted in many deaths including Michael Collins.
In the past, Ireland has experienced many conflicts. During the 1970s, it was at the heart of an explosion of violence. Indeed, there has been a constant tension between Northern Ireland and British troops. Many political assassinations have been committed (such as that of Robert Curtis). James Chichester-Clark (Prime Minister until March 71) will say: "Northern Ireland is at war with the Irish Republican Army Provisionals". But there were also many demonstrations on both sides. From the beginning of this decade, we can remember the constant fear on each side.
In the past, Ireland has experienced many conflicts. During the 1970s, it was at the heart of an explosion of violence. Indeed, there has been a constant tension between Northern Ireland and British troops. Many political assassinations have been committed (such as that of Robert Curtis). James Chichester-Clark (Prime Minister until March 71) will say: "Northern Ireland is at war with the Irish Republican Army Provisionals". But there were also many demonstrations on both sides. From the beginning of this decade, we can remember the constant fear on each side.
Hello, I learned a lot about Ireland thanks to my presention. First of all, in January 1986, the national offices of the Progressive Democrats were officially opened. It was a conservative -liberal political party in the Republic of Ireland and was founded in 1985 by Desmond O'Malley, the Progressive Democrats took liberal positions on divorce, contraception and other social issues. The party also supported economic liberalization, advocating measures such as lower taxation and welfare reform. Then in June, the Northern Ireland Assembly established in 1982 represented an unsuccessful attempt to restore the devolution to Northern Ireland which had been suspended 10 years previously. Following the Anglo-Irish Agreement of November 1985, Unionists insisted on the negotiation of the Agreement, resulting in an Alliance walkout on 5 December 1985 and subsequent boycott. As a result, the government abolished the Assembly in 1986 and it would be a decade before a new Assembly was restored to Northern Ireland. Zata
Hello everybody!The Troubles was a political and nationalistic conflict in Northern Ireland, with belligerents like State Security forces, Irish republican paramilitaries and Ulster loyalist paramilitaries. The conflict began in the late 1960s and ended probably with the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. I worked on the second part of 1971, between August to December, in Ireland. The second part of the year 1971 is full of violence. One of the most significant date of 1971 is the 9th of August : the internment without trial was introduced in Northern Ireland , with also the Operation Demetrius ; over 300 Republicans were arrested by British Security Forces, suspected of supporting paramilitaries. Between the 9th and the 11th of August, fourteen civilians were shot dead by the British army, including eleven in the Ballymurphy Massacre. The vast majority of the dead and imprisoned were nationalists and Catholics. In september, Loyalist groups formed the Ulster Defence Association (UDA). The group would quickly become the largest lotalist group in Northern Ireland. The 4th of December, the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) exploded a bomb at a Catholic pub in Belfast, named the McGurk’s bar, killing 15 people. It’s the highest death toll from a single incident in the city during « The Troubles »
Hello, I think the Algerian president has been in power for many years but for a while his health weakened him which means that he is no longer able to lead a country even though his political choices may be good he cannot fulfill its role as chair, which requires a great deal of time and strength. Because he is obligated to be treated in Switzerland he is therefore not even able to conduct a campaign. Frederik labara 1s1
Hello every one, Now that we worked on the history of ireland in class I know a little more on this topic. First, The Troubles is the term given to the conflict between Nationalists and Loyalists in Northern Ireland from the 1960s onwards until 1998. The conflict was sparked by the demand for civil rights and ended when the Good Friday Agreement led to a new power sharing government involving representatives from both sides of the community. During the Northern Ireland Conflict, a lot of people were killed, injured and many were civilians. This conflict was a thirty year bout of political violence, low intensity armed conflict and political deadlock within the six north-eastern counties of Ireland that formed part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It was a complex conflict with multiple armed and political actors. It included an armed insurgency against the state by elements of the Catholic or nationalist population with the aim of creating a united independent Ireland. Ethan lellouche1s1
This semester, we talked about Northern Ireland, especially The Toubles. We had to make an oral presentation and thanks to that we learnt a lot about this country.
Personally, I had to search what happened in 1987 in Northern Ireland during The Troubles and I found two main events which took place in Northern Ireland.
First, the 8th of May 1987, there was the Loughgall Bush where the BSAS (British Special Air Service) killed 8 PIRA (Provisional Irish Republican Army) members and a civilian in Loughgall. It was terrible.
Then, the 8th of November 1987, there was the Remembrance Day in Enniskillen, which is a ceremony for the British soldiers who died during the Second World War. During this ceremony, a bomb explosed just near people. So then, around 11 people died, 63 were injured and 19 of them were seriously injured, both civils and protestant were there. Finally, that was the IRA's (Irish Republican Army) fault, they said that it was a mistake, so they apologized.
We learnt a lot thanks to our presentation and it was really interesting. Irish faught a lot, even if it was violent, even if it was hard, they faught till the end for their country. Now, I'm looking forward to visit this country full of memories... .
Trouble is a term which englobed Catholics and Protestants, about the Civil War. Futhermore, we saw in class thanks to Michael Collins, how it was seen by Irish people and which functions the British government had on them. I think it was really interesting since Ireland got a load of history facts, that we saw through the oral presentation. We can add that Ireland fought a lot to gain independance and even then, not the whole Ireland is free (since the Northern Ireland is under the British government rights...)
It was a truly interesting subject, Ireland can be seen by many differents types of thinking and I am looking forward to the day I could finally see this beautiful and interesting country.
Hi, I made some mistakes: -"...Troubles..." -"...which is related to the conflicts between Catholics and Protestants for "Home rule" in Ireland..." -"...British government had then..." -"...not all Ireland..." -"... Nothern Ireland..." -"... British government's rule..." -"...is a part of the UK..." -"...different..." -"...of thoughts..."
In the first place, I think that the conflict in Northern Ireland is stupid and useless. I hate civil wars and specially this one because It’s due to religion matters. It’s not because you are protestant or catholic that you have to kill people who belong to the other religion. Futhermore, I really think that both sides can find a deal and avoid killing many innocents like those who died on Bloody Sunday. Finally this war ended and I hope that this situation will continue for a long time between them.
By using the term the "Troubles", both Catholics and Protestants where exempt from problems as the term was neutral. IRA (= Irish Republican Army) used the term "The War". The British Gouvernement and Unionists referred to it as terrorisme. The reasons are: - for independance and because of religious differences. Indeed, Ireland wanted to be independant, their wish became more demanding during the reign of Queen Victoria. Between 1800 and 1801, there were acts of union, which united the Parliament of Great Britain ans Ireland. In 1921, the anglo-irish treaty was signed, which put the end to the war. Nothern Ireland is composed of 6 North-Eastern countries in the provence of Ulster. During the campaign to end discrimination against Catholics nationalists and the Protestants, the conflict resund and lasted 30 years. The IRA was created in 1916, and it became even more active during the "Troubles". From 1922 to 1972, Catholics were discriminated: they faced problems of housing and employement, they couldn't express themselves, couldn't vote because most of them didn't pay the rate. I don't have a special opinion on the subject, but I think that it was an interesting subject, we learnt a lot of about history... ans Irish faught a lot even if it was violent, even if it was hard, they faught till the end for their country.
Hello everyone,
ReplyDeleteFirst, The Troubles is the term giving to the period of conflicts between Catholic and Protestants in Ireland, it was during the 20th century. Because of religious differencies (northern Ireland was mostly protestants and Ireland was mostly catholics) Ireland wanted to be independent.
I know that in November 1985, The United Kingdom and Ireland established the Anglo-Irish Agreement that allowed Ireland to have a say in the Northern Ireland's politic. Consequently, they were in charge of the political, legal and security issues but they had not the power to take decisions or change the law. It was signed by the British prime minister, Margaret Thatcher and the Irish prime minister, Garret Fitzgerald at Hillsborough Castle, Northern Ireland.
On top of that, the Irish Republic Army attacked the Royal Uslter Constabulary several times, in Newry (Northern Ireland) they killed 9 officers in February 1985 but also in May 1985, they launched an assault in the RUC's barrack then they destroyed it and killed 5 officers.
Chaima Ben Hadj Khalifa.
Sorry, I made some mistakes:
Delete- the term given
- Protestants
- Catholics
Ireland is currently divided into 2 states, but this has not always been the case. Indeed, in 1919, the Irish demanded their independence from Great Britain and thus a war broke out that lasted 3 years, until 1921. At the head of the independentist, Michael Collins, who won the war of independence and went to London to negotiate a treaty. This treaty, which will not allow Ireland to become completely independent, it will not be able to have a president and part of the island will remain in Great Britain, will bring many conflicts between the supporters and opponents of the treaty that will lead to a civil war. During this civil war, the hero of independence Michael Collins was cowardly killed and hostilities continued.
ReplyDeleteMathilde BESCOND 1S1
Sorry, I made some mistakes :
Delete- into 2 countries ( not states)
- brought ( not will bring)
- that lead to a civil war.
Ireland had been under British rule for several centuries, which created tensions and caused revolts on the part of the Irish.
ReplyDeleteAfter the failure of the Irish nationalist revolts, the majority of Irish people seem to be on their side and soon after the Irish Parliament (the Dàil Eireann) is founded.
This parliament is convinced that violence is the only solution, and decides to involve the IRA, an army led by Michael Collins.
The Irish War of Independence began following the murder of two RIC police officers. Later, Michael Collins succeeded in murdering fifteen police officers, to which the British government replied with the "Bloody Sunday of 21 November 1920".
As a result of these horrors, the British and Irish patriots on both sides agreed to sign the London Treaty, which ended Ireland's War of Independence, but caused deep disagreements between the nationalists. The Irish Parliament is divided into two groups: those in favour of the Treaty and those against. The Pro-Treaties side with Michael Collins and Arthur Griffith.
The Anti-Treaties sided with Eamon de Valera, then unofficial President of the Republic of Ireland, who decided with his party to resign.
Arthur Griffith, who was in favour of the Treaty, then decided to set up a provisional government to organise the creation of the Free State of Ireland. But the disagreement continues, however, and quickly led to a civil war. However, the Anti-Treaties were defeated very quickly, causing many deaths.
The Republicans opposed to the Treaty now act only through particularly localized guerrilla actions, leading to a violent ambush on August 22, 1922, during which Michael Collins died.
Although these many conflicts led to a free Irish state, it is estimated that more than 4,000 people died in the Irish Civil War.
Rita L
1S1
Hello everyone,
ReplyDeleteFirst of all, the Troubles was a conflict in Northern Ireland during the late 20th century. It began in the late 1960s and ended with the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Although the Troubles primarily took place in Northern Ireland, the violence also spread over some parts of the Republic of Ireland and England.
Michael Collins was an Irish revolutionary, soldier and politician who was a leading figure who fought for independence. He went to London to negotiate peace terms which resulted in the establishment of the Anglo-Irish treaty. In the 1920s Ireland was then divided into two parts giving independence to most of it and keeping the northern part within the United Kingdom. This lead to many conflicts between the catholics on one side and the protestants on the other. Furthermore, the IRA, who wanted a united Ireland, began using violence to protest.
These conflicts which lasted more than 30 years and resulted in many deaths including Michael Collins.
Sorry I made some mistakes:
Delete-they began
-the Catholics
ReplyDeleteIn the past, Ireland has experienced many conflicts.
During the 1970s, it was at the heart of an explosion of violence. Indeed, there has been a constant tension between Northern Ireland and British troops. Many political assassinations have been committed (such as that of Robert Curtis). James Chichester-Clark (Prime Minister until March 71) will say: "Northern Ireland is at war with the Irish Republican Army Provisionals".
But there were also many demonstrations on both sides.
From the beginning of this decade, we can remember the constant fear on each side.
ReplyDeleteIn the past, Ireland has experienced many conflicts.
During the 1970s, it was at the heart of an explosion of violence. Indeed, there has been a constant tension between Northern Ireland and British troops. Many political assassinations have been committed (such as that of Robert Curtis). James Chichester-Clark (Prime Minister until March 71) will say: "Northern Ireland is at war with the Irish Republican Army Provisionals".
But there were also many demonstrations on both sides.
From the beginning of this decade, we can remember the constant fear on each side.
Hello,
ReplyDeleteI learned a lot about Ireland thanks to my presention. First of all, in January 1986, the national offices of the Progressive Democrats were officially opened. It was a conservative -liberal political party in the Republic of Ireland and was founded in 1985 by Desmond O'Malley, the Progressive Democrats took liberal positions on divorce, contraception and other social issues. The party also supported economic liberalization, advocating measures such as lower taxation and welfare reform. Then in June, the Northern Ireland Assembly established in 1982 represented an unsuccessful attempt to restore the devolution to Northern Ireland which had been suspended 10 years previously. Following the Anglo-Irish Agreement of November 1985, Unionists insisted on the negotiation of the Agreement, resulting in an Alliance walkout on 5 December 1985 and subsequent boycott. As a result, the government abolished the Assembly in 1986 and it would be a decade before a new Assembly was restored to Northern Ireland.
Zata
Hello everybody!The Troubles was a political and nationalistic conflict in Northern Ireland, with belligerents like State Security forces, Irish republican paramilitaries and Ulster loyalist paramilitaries. The conflict began in the late 1960s and ended probably with the Good Friday Agreement of 1998.
ReplyDeleteI worked on the second part of 1971, between August to December, in Ireland. The second part of the year 1971 is full of violence. One of the most significant date of 1971 is the 9th of August : the internment without trial was introduced in Northern Ireland , with also the Operation Demetrius ; over 300 Republicans were arrested by British Security Forces, suspected of supporting paramilitaries.
Between the 9th and the 11th of August, fourteen civilians were shot dead by the British army, including eleven in the Ballymurphy Massacre. The vast majority of the dead and imprisoned were nationalists and Catholics.
In september, Loyalist groups formed the Ulster Defence Association (UDA). The group would quickly become the largest lotalist group in Northern Ireland.
The 4th of December, the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) exploded a bomb at a Catholic pub in Belfast, named the McGurk’s bar, killing 15 people. It’s the highest death toll from a single incident in the city during « The Troubles »
Thaïs GENOUX 1S1
Hello, I think the Algerian president has been in power for many years but for a while his health weakened him which means that he is no longer able to lead a country even though his political choices may be good he cannot fulfill its role as chair, which requires a great deal of time and strength. Because he is obligated to be treated in Switzerland he is therefore not even able to conduct a campaign. Frederik labara 1s1
ReplyDeleteHello every one,
ReplyDeleteNow that we worked on the history of ireland in class I know a little more on this topic. First, The Troubles is the term given to the conflict between Nationalists and Loyalists in Northern Ireland from the 1960s onwards until 1998. The conflict was sparked by the demand for civil rights and ended when the Good Friday Agreement led to a new power sharing government involving representatives from both sides of the community. During the Northern Ireland Conflict, a lot of people were killed, injured and many were civilians.
This conflict was a thirty year bout of political violence, low intensity armed conflict and political deadlock within the six north-eastern counties of Ireland that formed part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It was a complex conflict with multiple armed and political actors. It included an armed insurgency against the state by elements of the Catholic or nationalist population with the aim of creating a united independent Ireland.
Ethan lellouche1s1
Hello everyone!
ReplyDeleteThis semester, we talked about Northern Ireland, especially The Toubles. We had to make an oral presentation and thanks to that we learnt a lot about this country.
Personally, I had to search what happened in 1987 in Northern Ireland during The Troubles and I found two main events which took place in Northern Ireland.
First, the 8th of May 1987, there was the Loughgall Bush where the BSAS (British Special Air Service) killed 8 PIRA (Provisional Irish Republican Army) members and a civilian in Loughgall. It was terrible.
Then, the 8th of November 1987, there was the Remembrance Day in Enniskillen, which is a ceremony for the British soldiers who died during the Second World War. During this ceremony, a bomb explosed just near people. So then, around 11 people died, 63 were injured and 19 of them were seriously injured, both civils and protestant were there. Finally, that was the IRA's (Irish Republican Army) fault, they said that it was a mistake, so they apologized.
We learnt a lot thanks to our presentation and it was really interesting. Irish faught a lot, even if it was violent, even if it was hard, they faught till the end for their country. Now, I'm looking forward to visit this country full of memories... .
Nesrine, 1s1.
Hi everyone!
DeleteSorry, but I made some mistakes...
Here is the correction :
- I had to look up what happened (3rd line)
- Near some people (and not JUST near some people, 10th line)
Hope you're having a great day! :D
Nesrine, 1s1.
Hello everyone,
ReplyDeleteTrouble is a term which englobed Catholics and Protestants, about the Civil War.
Futhermore, we saw in class thanks to Michael Collins, how it was seen by Irish people and which functions the British government had on them.
I think it was really interesting since Ireland got a load of history facts, that we saw through the oral presentation.
We can add that Ireland fought a lot to gain independance and even then, not the whole Ireland is free (since the Northern Ireland is under the British government rights...)
It was a truly interesting subject, Ireland can be seen by many differents types of thinking and I am looking forward to the day I could finally see this beautiful and interesting country.
Emilie Lacroix, 1°S 1
Hi,
DeleteI made some mistakes:
-"...Troubles..."
-"...which is related to the conflicts between Catholics and Protestants for "Home rule" in Ireland..."
-"...British government had then..."
-"...not all Ireland..."
-"... Nothern Ireland..."
-"... British government's rule..."
-"...is a part of the UK..."
-"...different..."
-"...of thoughts..."
In the first place, I think that the conflict in Northern Ireland is stupid and useless. I hate civil wars and specially this one because It’s due to religion matters. It’s not because you are protestant or catholic that you have to kill people who belong to the other religion. Futhermore, I really think that both sides can find a deal and avoid killing many innocents like those who died on Bloody Sunday. Finally this war ended and I hope that this situation will continue for a long time between them.
ReplyDeleteSorry I made some mistakes :
Deletewas stupid
especially that
Protestant or Catholic
By using the term the "Troubles", both Catholics and Protestants where exempt from problems as the term was neutral. IRA (= Irish Republican Army) used the term "The War".
ReplyDeleteThe British Gouvernement and Unionists referred to it as terrorisme.
The reasons are: - for independance and because of religious differences. Indeed, Ireland wanted to be independant, their wish became more demanding during the reign of Queen Victoria.
Between 1800 and 1801, there were acts of union, which united the Parliament of Great Britain ans Ireland.
In 1921, the anglo-irish treaty was signed, which put the end to the war.
Nothern Ireland is composed of 6 North-Eastern countries in the provence of Ulster. During the campaign to end discrimination against Catholics nationalists and the Protestants, the conflict resund and lasted 30 years. The IRA was created in 1916, and it became even more active during the "Troubles".
From 1922 to 1972, Catholics were discriminated: they faced problems of housing and employement, they couldn't express themselves, couldn't vote because most of them didn't pay the rate.
I don't have a special opinion on the subject, but I think that it was an interesting subject, we learnt a lot of about history... ans Irish faught a lot even if it was violent, even if it was hard, they faught till the end for their country.